Raman Spectroscopy

It is the shift in wavelength of the inelastically scattered radiation that provides the chemical and structural information. Raman shifted photons can be of either higher or lower energy, depending upon the vibrational state of the molecule under study. For more click here.

 

Credit: National University of Singapore

Credit: http://www.andor.com/learning-academy

Symmetry and Group Theory

Group Theory is a mathematical method by which aspects of a molecules symmetry can be determined. 

The symmetry of a molecule reveals information about its properties (i.e., structure, spectra, polarity, chirality, etc…)

Credit: http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu

For more click here. 

Courtesy: http://chemistry.rutgers.edu

Anti-cancer Drug

Cisplatin is a chemotherapy drug which is used to treat cancers including: sarcoma, small cell lung cancer, germ cell tumors, lymphoma, and ovarian cancer. For more click here.

Courtesy: http://www.cisplatin.org/

Polymers

Prior to the early 1920's, chemists doubted the existence of molecules having molecular weights greater than a few thousand. This limiting view was challenged by Hermann Staudinger, a German chemist with experience in studying natural compounds such as rubber and cellulose. In contrast to the prevailing rationalization of these substances as aggregates of small molecules, Staudinger proposed they were made up of macromolecules composed of 10,000 or more atoms. Read more here.

Courtesy: William Reusch, 

Amino Acid

In 1953, Harold Urey and Stanley Miller carried out an amazing experiment in which they produced "molecules of life" from a mixture of gases that they proposed existed in a primordial earth. The experiments simulated what would happen when lightning strikes provided energy for chemical reactions in the atmosphere and suggested a hypothesis for how life might have developed on our planet. Amino acids were the vital molecules that formed in this experiment and supported this hypothesis for the origin of life. 

Read more: Amino Acid - Chemistry Encyclopedia - structure, proteins, name, molecule, atom http://www.chemistryexplained.com/A-Ar/Amino-Acid.html#ixzz27AbTxSzr

The Common Ion Effect

The presence of a common ion suppresses the ionization of a weak acid or a weak base. The common ion effect is the shift in equilibrium caused by the addition of a compound having an ion in common with the dissolved substance.  For more click here.

Courtesy: Dr. Walter S. Hamilton, https://chemistry.twu.edu

Stereochemistry

Stereoisomerism is a more subtle kind of isomerism in which the isomers differ only in their spatial arrangement, not in their connectivity. Cis- and Trans-1,4-dimethylcyclohexane are a good example of a pair of stereoisomers. For more click here.

 Courtesy:  Professor Nathan L. Bauld, http://research.cm.utexas.edu

Heat and Energy

Energy is the ability to do work on matter. Heat or, thermal energy is the total energy associated with random atomic and molecular motions of a substance. Read more here.

 Courtesy: Ritter, Michael E., The Physical Environment: an Introduction to Physical Geography.

Ions in solution

In Binary Ionic Compounds and Their Properties we point out that when an ionic compound dissolves in water, the positive and negative ions originally present in the crystal lattice persist in solution. Their ability to move nearly independently through the solution permits them to carry positive or negative electrical charges from one place to another. Hence the solution conducts an electrical current. For more click here.

Nuclear Chemistry

An atom consists of an extremely small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. Although typically the nucleus is less than one ten-thousandth the size of the atom, the nucleus contains more than 99.9% of the mass of the atom! Nuclei consist of positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons held together by the so-called strong or nuclear force. Read more here.

Courtesy: http://www.lbl.gov/abc

Introduction: Ozone Layer Depletion

The distribution of ozone in the stratosphere is a function of altitude, latitude and season. It is determined by photochemical and transport processes. The ozone layer is located between 10 and 50 km above the Earth's surface and contains 90% of all stratospheric ozone. Under normal conditions, stratospheric ozone is formed by a photochemical reaction between oxygen molecules, oxygen atoms and solar radiation. Read more here.

Courtesy: http://esl.jrc.it

World Ozone Day - 16 September 2012

In 1998, in recognition of the Protocol's unique accomplishments, the General Assembly in its Resolution 49/114 named 16 September as the International day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer. Since that time, the Parties have used this day to celebrate the signing of the Montreal Protocol, and the significant environmental and health benefits that this amazing treaty has yielded. 

The Montreal Protocol is celebrating its 25th Anniversary this year. 

Courtesy: http://ozone.unep.org

Introduction to Spectroscopy

Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and radiated energy. For more click here.

Courtesy: http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/

Alcohol, Chemistry and You

Acute and chronic alcohol consumption can have both subtle as well as dramatic effects on the brain and its functioning. For more click here.

 Courtesy: Dr. Bill Boggan, Kennesaw State University

Aspirin

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, see Figure) was introduced as an analgesic (pain-relieving agent) in the late nineteenth century by chemists at Bayer, a German pharmaceutical company.

Read more: Acetylsalicylic Acid - Chemistry Encyclopedia - structure, name http://www.chemistryexplained.com/A-Ar/Acetylsalicylic-Acid.html#ixzz26KuhbpfO

Lipids

The lipids are a large and diverse group of naturally occurring organic compounds that are related by their solubility in nonpolar organic solvents (e.g. ether, chloroform, acetone & benzene) and general insolubility in water. For more click here.

Courtesy: reusch, http://www2.chemistry.msu.edu

Know Medicinal Plants - 2

Emblica officinalis:

Amla is one of the most celebrated herbs in the Indian traditional medicine system, Ayurveda. For more click here.

Courtesy: http://emblica-officinalis.101herbs.com/ 

Water Chemistry

1. Water is the most common substance known to man, as well as the most important. In vapor, liquid or solid form, water covers more than seventy percent of the Earth's surface, and is a major component of the atmosphere. Water is also an essential requirement for all forms of life. Most living things are largely made up of water. Human beings, for example, consist of about two-thirds water. For more click here.

Courtesy: http://www.milanco.com 


2. Another Link is here 

Courtesy: http://www.biology.arizona.edu

Chemical Kinetics - Basics

A reaction is of zero order when the rate of reaction is independent of the concentration of materials. The rate of reaction is a constant. When the limiting reactant is completely consumed, the reaction stops abruptly. For more click here

Arrhenius

Courtesy: Peter Keusch, University of Regensburg

All about Electrochemistry

The connection between chemistry and electricity is a very old one, going back to Alessandro Volta's discovery, in 1793, that electricity could be produced by placing two dissimilar metals on opposite sides of a moistened paper. For more click here.

Courtesy: Stephen Lower, Simon Fraser University

Basic Photochemistry

Photochemistry is the underlying mechanism for all of photobiology. When a molecule absorbs a photon of light, its electronic structure changes, and it reacts differently with other molecules. For more click here.

Jablonski diagram

Courtesy: Emeritus Professor Kendric C. Smith, Stanford University School of Medicine

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are the most abundant class of organic compounds found in living organisms. They originate as products of photosynthesis, an endothermic reductive condensation of carbon dioxide requiring light energy and the pigment chlorophyll. For more click here.

Courtesy:  http://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/

Teacher's Day

The best teacher is the one who suggests rather than dogmatizes, and inspires his listener with the wish to teach himself.

Acids and Bases

You hear about acids all the time. Acid reflux disease causes some people to have to take acid reducing medication. The fact of the matter is that you hear the word "acid" all the time. Most of us, however, don't have any idea what an acid is. For more Click here.

Courtesy: http://misterguch.brinkster.net

Introduction to Polymers

Polymers are a large class of materials consisting of many small molecules (called monomers) that can be linked together to form long chains, thus they are known as macromolecules. Read more here.

Addition polymerization steps

Courtesy: http://plc.cwru.edu

A SIMPLE VIEW OF ATOMIC STRUCTURE

What happens if a beam of each of these particles is passed between two electrically charged plates - one positive and one negative? For more details click here.

Courtesy: Jim Clark, http://www.chemguide.co.uk

Naming Organic Compounds

The increasingly large number of organic compounds identified with each passing day, together with the fact that many of these compounds are isomers of other compounds, requires that a systematic nomenclature system be developed. Just as each distinct compound has a unique molecular structure which can be designated by a structural formula, each compound must be given a characteristic and unique name. For more click here.

Courtesy: William Reusch, http://www.chemistry.msu.edu/