Chemical Science

Tuesday, 6 November 2012

Markovnikov's Rule

This is an empirical rule based on Markovnikov's experimental observations on the addition of hydrogen halides to alkenes.

The rule states that : "when an unsymmetrical alkene reacts with a hydrogen halide to give an alkyl halide, the hydrogen adds to the carbon of the alkene that has the greater number of hydrogen substituents, and the halogen to the carbon of the alkene with the fewer number of hydrogen substituents"

Courtesy: Dr. Ian Hunt, Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary

Monday, 5 November 2012

What is Green Chemistry

The term green chemistry is defined as: The invention, design and application of chemical products and processes to reduce or to eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. For more click here.

Courtesy: http://www.incaweb.org

Sunday, 4 November 2012

Top 15 Chemical Additives in Your Food

We don't just want our food to taste good these days: It also has to look good. As a result, food producers use any of 14,000 laboratory-made additives to make our food appear fresher, more attractive or last longer on the shelf.

monosodium glutamate (MSG)

1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE
ARTIFICIAL COLORS
ARTIFICIAL FLAVORING
ASPARTAME
ASTAXANTHIN
BENZOIC ACID/SODIUM BENZOATE
BHA (BUTYLATED HYDROXYANISOLE) AND BHT (BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE)
CANTHAXANTHIN
EMULSIFIERS
HIGH-FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP
MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE (MSG)
OLESTRA
PARTIALLY-HYDROGENATED OILS
POTASSIUM BROMATE
SODIUM NITRITE AND NITRATE

Courtesy and Read more at: http://phys.org/news183110037.html#jCp

Saturday, 3 November 2012

The Photoelectric Effect

The most dramatic prediction of Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism, published in 1865, was the existence of electromagnetic waves moving at the speed of light, and the conclusion that light itself was just such a wave. Click me to find out more.

Courtesy: Michael Fowler, University of Virginia

Friday, 2 November 2012

Molecule of the Week - Lucifer Yellow

Molecule of the Week - Lucifer Yellow

The dye’s fluorescence under UV light makes it ideal for visualizing living and fixed cells. The lithium salt is the most water-soluble, but ammonium and potassium salts are also used.

Chemical Bond

A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms brought about by a sharing of electrons between to atoms or a complete transfer of electrons. There are three types of chemical bonds: More find out here.

Courtesy: http://staff.jccc.net

Thursday, 1 November 2012

Black Body Radiation

Do not all fix’d Bodies, when heated beyond a certain degree, emit Light and shine; and is not this Emission perform’d by the vibrating motion of its parts? For more click here.

Courtesy: Dr. Michael Fowler, University of Virginia

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Do not get over excited over happiness and do not get over depressed over sorrow.

Do not get over bonded with anyone and anybody because it can lead to problems and sorrow.

Never think that my duty is the topmost or lowermost. Every duty is respectful. The responsibility undertaken or given as per the position is the noblest duty.

Elevate yourselves, family, society and nation and never denigrate yourselves, family, society and nation.

We are our own closest relatives and if not properly utilised we will become our closest enemies.

There are possibilities of success and failure in any endeavour. One cannot assure success always.

Death is inevitable for everyone in this world. In any endeavour at the maximum an individual may die.

People may say good and also they may say bad. Approach them with stabilised mind.

Take anything after scientifically, logically and rationally analysing them.

Perform your duty, responsibility and accept the privileges eligible for you.

First change ourselves and then try to change others.

We are all instruments /tools in the hands of the nature for performing the duty. So do not think that I am doing the duty. Think that I am an instrument to do the duty.

Results of action may not be sweet always. Accept what ever may be the result.

Follow the path of great scholars who guided the world. Listen their messages.

Results and rewards will come and go but stick to your duty with devotion, dedication and sincerity.

Subhashitham

उद्यमेनैव सिध्यन्ति कार्याणि न मनोरथै: ।
न हि सुप्तस्य सिंहस्य प्रविशन्ति मुखे मृगा: ॥

अयं निज: परो वेति गणना लघुचेतसाम् ।
उदारचरितानां तु वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम् ॥

न कश्चिदपि जानाति
किं कस्य श्वो भविष्यति ।
अतः श्वः करणीयानि
कुर्यादद्धैव वुद्धिमान् ॥

आचार्यात् पादमादते पादं शिष्यः स्वमेधया ।
पादं सब्रह्मचारिभ्यः पादं कालक्रमेण च ॥

उपकारिषु यः साधुः सधुत्वे तस्य को गुणः ।
अपकारिषु यः साधुः स साधुरिति कीर्तितः ॥

च्छायामन्यस्य कुर्वन्ति तिष्ठन्ति स्वयमातपे ।
फलान्यापि परार्थाय वृक्षाः सत्पुरुषाः इव ॥

जलबिन्दुनिपातेन क्रमशः पूर्यते घटः ।
स हेतुः सर्वविद्यानां धर्मस्य च धनस्य च ॥

अग्निशेषमृणशेषं शत्रुशेषं तथैव च |
पुन: पुन: प्रवर्धेत तस्माच्शेषं न कारयेत् ||

पृथिव्यां त्रीणि रत्नानि जलमन्नं सुभाषितम् |
मूढै: पाषाणखण्डेषु रत्नसंज्ञा प्रदीयते ||

नाभिषेको न संस्कार: सिंहस्य क्रियते मृगैः |
विक्रमार्जितराज्यस्य स्वयमेव मृगेंद्रता ||

स्वभावो नोपदेशेन शक्यते कर्तुमन्यथा ।
सुतप्तमपि पानीयं पुनर्गच्छति शीतताम् ॥

यस्मिन् जीवति जीवन्ति बहवः स तु जीवति ।
काकोपि किं न कुरुते चञ्च्वा स्वोदरपूर्णम् ॥

दनेन तुल्यो विधिरास्ति नान्यो
लोभोच नान्योस्ति रिपुः पृथिव्या ।
विभूषणं शीलसमं च नान्यत्
सन्तोषतुल्यं धनमस्ति नान्यत् ॥

संरोहति अग्निना दग्धं वनं परशुना हतं ।
वाचा दुरुक्तं बीभत्सं न संरोहति वाक् क्षतम् ॥

अहो दुर्जनसंसर्गात् मानहानिः पदे पदे ।
पावको लोहसंगेन मुद्रगरैरभिताद्यते ॥

द्वौ अम्भसि निवेष्टव्यौ गले बद्ध्वा दृढां शिलाम् । धनवन्तम् अदातारम् दरिद्रं च अतपस्विनम् ॥

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