Monday 31 December 2012

Carbocations

Carbocations are species bearing a formal "+" charge on carbon. The have sp2 hybridization and trigonal planar geometry, with an empty p orbital on carbon, perpendicular to the plane containing the substituents (see diagrams shown to the right). Carbocations are "hypovalent" species, inasmuch as they have only three shared pairs of electrons around carbon, instead of the usual four. Of course, this incomplete octet around carbon makes carbocations very unstable and very reactive. Nevertheless, carbocations are known to be formed as intermediates in many types of organic reactions. For more details click here.

Courtesy: Dr. Thomas H. Eberlein, Penn State University

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