Origin of Lyman and Balmer series in the Hydrogen spectrum

Courtesy: Chris Evans and Dr. Mike Thompson

Alpha, Beta and Gamma ray penetration

 

Courtesy: http://www.darvill.clara.net

Nobel Laureates in Chemistry - Series 1

 
Courtesy: http://www.nobelprize.org

Aufbau principle

Courtesy: Dr. Mike Thompson

Formation of a PI bond

 Courtesy: Dr. Mike Thompson

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Courtesy: Nick Alexander

Photon Absorption and Emission by Electron

electron transition

Courtesy: Dr. Mike Thompson

Electron shells related to Periodic Table

no. of shells across a period and within a group

Courtesy: Dr. Mike Thompson

Structure of Atom

structure of atom

Courtesy: University of Toronto

Le Chatelier's principle

Electronic structure of an atom

Electronic structure showing shells

Maximum no. of electrons in each shell

Courtesy: Dr. Mike Thompson

Composition of Air

Average composition of earth's atmosphere ( up to an altitude of 25 km)

• Nitrogen                 78.09%
• Oxygen                   20.95%
• Argon                       0.93%
• Carbon dioxide        0.039%

and trace amount of other gases including Neon, Helium, Methane, Krypton, Hydrogen, 

Nitrous oxide, Carbon monoxide, Xenon, Ozone, Nitrogen dioxide, Iodine, Ammonia etc.  

Schematic diagram

Courtesy: bbc.co.uk

'Broken Symmetry' at subatomic level

                                                      Nobel Prize in Physics (2008)

• "Yoichiro Nambu" [Enrico Fermi Institute at the University of Chicago] for the discovery of the  mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics  

• "Makoto Kobayashi" [Japan's High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)] and 

• "Toshihide Maskawa" [Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP) at Kyoto University] for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature.

Courtesy: ScienceDaily (Oct. 7, 2008)

Some of the Pioneers in Modern Chemistry

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Branches of Chemistry:

1. Inorganic chemistry
2. Organic chemistry
3. Physical chemistry  and
4. Theoretical chemistry.

Apart from these major classifications, there are other popular subdivisions too. Some of those, including modern and interdisciplinary branches, are entitled as

• Analytical chemistry
• Applied chemistry: oils and fats
• Astrochemistry
• Atmospheric chemistry
• Biochemistry
• Click chemistry
• Computational chemistry
• Electro chemistry
• Environmental chemistry
• Femto chemistry
• Food chemistry
• Geochemistry
• Green chemistry
• Hydrochemistry
• Material chemistry
• Magneto chemistry
• Medicinal chemistry
• Nanochemistry
• Natural product chemistry
• Nuclear chemistry 
• Organometallic chemistry
• Petrochemistry
• Pharmaceutical chemistry
• Photochemistry
• Polymer chemistry
• Solid state chemistry
• Synthetic chemistry
• Supra molecular chemistry
• Surface chemistry
• Thermo chemistry   and so on.

Earlier Concepts:

Plato figured out that particles had regular mathematical shape. The polyhedra are, generally, called regular platonic solids. For e.g., earth was a cube, air was an octahedron etc. The flat faces of each of these shapes can be made from two kinds of triangle. According to Plato, these triangles are the fundamental particles of nature. They pervade all space. The elements are converted by rearranging the triangles into new geometric form.